The concept of
industrial revolution 4.0 is a concept that was first introduced by Professor
Klaus Schwab, which through his book, The
Fourth Industrial Revolution, stated that the industrial revolution 4.0 can
fundamentally change the way we live, work, and relate to one another. The
industrial revolution was introduced first in the mid-19th century. The
beginning of the industrial revolution was recorded between about 1760-1830.
The industrial
revolution in the fourth generation not only provides opportunities, but also
challenges for millennial generations. Problems that might be caused by this
revolution are the creation of unemployment which is influenced by the widening
of economic inequality, human vs. machine competition, and increasingly high
demands for competence.
According to Prof.
Dwikorita Karnawati (2017), the 4.0 industrial revolution in the next five
years will eliminate 35 percent of the types of work. And even in the next 10
years the type of work that will be lost will increase to 75 percent. This is
because the work played by humans step by step is replaced by the program
digitalization technology.
The production process
becomes faster and easier to distribute massively with minimal human
involvement. In the United States, developing the online banking system has
facilitated the process of banking service transactions. The result is 48,000
bank tellers must be approved for termination of employment due to efficiency
reasons.
Even according to the
McKinsey survey, a multinational management consulting corporation, in
Indonesia as many as 52.6 million jobs have the potential to be replaced by
digital systems. In other words, 52 percent of the workforce or representing
52.6 million people will lose their jobs. In more detail, potential jobs that
will become automated are processing, retail trade, transportation and
warehousing, administrative, construction, food and accommodation services,
agriculture, fisheries, and forestry, as well as health and financial or insurance
services.
From educational side,
Teachers are not only supporting the ability to read, write and count. But they
also must understand and master the 21st century literacy that supports
data-based knowledge, technology and humanism, teachers in this world should be
able to catch a signal when the times are changing faster. Teachers must be
able to answer it with new literacy skills with aspects of data literacy,
technology literacy and humanism literacy. Therefore, educational and training
institutions, especially schools and colleges, are not only tasked with
maintaining and continuing the traditions prevailing in society, but also
forming and developing character for millennial generation is a process of
continuous change and this is inseparable from the prevailing education system.
Thus, millennial generation can adapt to a very rapid global changes.
In health services,
reporting from Sadkes.net, the number
of health workers in Indonesia is estimated to drop from 274,000 in 2015 to
266,000 in 2030. Practical group health managers are likely to be minimized
from 10,000 in 2015 to 2000 in 2030. One of the reasons is the mistake of
doctors and nurses in processing patient health records that are very large in
number, so it must be processed by a computer system to improve the efficiency
and to maintain the reputation of the hospital.
From the entrepreneur's side, entering the industrial revolution 4.0 requires a lot of capital. The reason is that entrepreneurs prepare infrastructure and present sophisticated and automated technology equipment with high-tech production. Large investment, which is a challenge for entrepreneurs and industry players, is definitely needed to meet those needs. Therefore, millennial entrepreneurs may not be able to achieve business opportunities in the industrial revolution 4.0.
Digitalization can
shift the conventional role in the market. Conventional transportation drivers
such as motorcycle taxi drivers, public transportation, and taxis have the
opportunity to enter the unemployment gap due to the emergence of online
transportation which is considered to be much cheaper and more convenient in
the eyes of public today. Not only that, merchandisers at traditional shops can
lose money and eventually go bankrupt due to the wave of e-commerce through the
emergence of various online stores that provide goods that are more varied,
inexpensive, and easily accessible. Besides the cost of construction or
expensive rent, conventional markets are increasingly difficult to reach
because of the density of traffic and the high cost of transportation.
The situation of
shifting human labor towards digitalization is a form of challenge that needs
to be responded by millennial generations, especially millennial women related
to mastering computer technology, communication skills, the ability to collaborate
collaboratively, and the ability to continue to learn and adapt to
environmental changes.
Rapid technological
development will sooner or later affect the demand for labor in the future.
Looking ahead, labor demand has shifted. Industry will tend to choose middle
and highly-skilled labor rather than less-skilled labor because its role in
doing repetition work can be replaced by automatization of robots.
The industrial revolution 4.0 has come to open new horizons to grow opportunities, levels and new capacities HR professionalism that have never happened before. Efforts to change that are disruptive and multi-talent are needed, especially in the side of competencies inherent in individuals to change the challenges in facing the era of Industry 4.0 into a wide open opportunity. Therefore, my words to millennial generation is to those who can adapt to changes (evolve) then he will live, otherwise who is not able to match the changes will be eliminated.
Refrences:k
Schwab, K. (2017). The fourth industrial revolution. Crown Business Press.Dian Marta Wijayanti, Guru Zaman Now (Guruku, Sahabatku), (Semarang: Formaci, 2017).
Karnawati, D. (2017). Revolusi industri, 75% jenis pekerjaan akan hilang. Diambil dari https://ekbis.sindonews.com/read/1183599/34/revolusi-industri-75-jenis-pekerjaan-akan-hilang-1488169341
https://regional.kompas.com/read/2018/01/31/17225241/pekerjaan-yang-diprediksi-punah-akibat-revolusi-industri-apa-saja
Https://public.tableau.com/profile/mckinsey.analytics#!/vizhome/InternationalAutomation/WhereMachinesCanReplaceHumans
https://www.medicalplasticsnews.com/news/why-you-need-to-think-seriously-about-industry-4-0/
Rakhmat, Jalaludin, 1997. Metode Penelitian, Bandung : PT. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Yahya, Muhammad (2017). “Era Industri 4.0: Tantangan dan Peluang Perkembangan Pendidikan Kejuruan Indonesia”, Naskah Pidato Pengukuhan Guru Besar, Disampaikan pada Sidang Terbuka Luar Biasa Senat UNM.
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