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1.       Explain why studying human needs is believed to be an important part of motivation theory!
Answers:     Because this will increase the workers’ motivation by working hard to achieve one need at a time, start from the lowest level, which is basic needs such as food, water and clothes to the highest level, which is self-actualisation. It is a concept of becoming their best self.

2.       Consider two different levels of Maslow’s hierarchy. Explain how these could be satisfied at work!
Answers: The business may provide safety needs such as safety equipment and communicate to its workers of the safest way to do the tasks. Therefore, no injured will be happen and its workers can focus on achieving their common objectives as safety procedures are met. The business may provide social needs such as consultation and teamwork. Therefore, its workers may have good communication and might find solutions to their tasks’ problem after discussing with other workers. These may increase their trust to other workers and being recognized as a part of the teamwork.

3.       Differentiate clearly, using examples, between Herzberg’s motivators and hygiene factors!
Answers:     Motivators factors are factors that involve in a worker’s psychological needs, which is satisfaction in doing the job. The main factors are the work itself and achievement. For example, the business may give appreciation to its workers after they perform better in their work. Therefore, its workers may have the sense of achievement and may have the commitment to do the next tasks. Hygiene factors are factors, which are related to the workers characteristics of who want to get good physical conditions. For example, the business may provide good job security to its workers so they will be satisfied with the job.

4.       Why did Herzberg consider it important to differentiate between ‘movement’ and motivation’?
Answers:     Because movement is the action in performing the tasks and the motivation is the desire to work hard to achieve the worker’s common objectives. If one of these is not at maximum, then its productivity may be low.

5.       Explain how the payment of a fixed monthly salary could help to satisfy some of the needs identified in Maslow’s hierarchy!
Answers:     The salary will meet the physical needs of an individual. So the money can be used to buy basic goods such as clothes and house.  Therefore, the person can survive in the long-term and will try to achieve social needs in its working environment.

6.       Explain to the directors of a private limited company the advantages and disadvantages of introducing a profit-sharing system for the workforce!
Answers:     The advantages are the workers have commitment in doing their job as they feel to be part of the job. This will increase their motivation, so they will work harder to achieve their common objectives. Therefore, this will increase profitability to the company. However, the workers may produce low quality of products and services as the company is focusing to become more profitable by purchasing cheaper materials in order to lower cost of production, this will not satisfied its customers’ satisfaction.

7.       Distinguish between job rotation and job enrichment!
Answers:     job rotation is a worker move from one job to another in a single task in a company and job enrichment is an effort to motivate its workers by giving more variety tasks, which will challenge their skills and responsibilities.