Recruitment are searching and receive of people with the wide knowledge, skills and experience to allow organisation to select the best people to fill the job that suitable with the descriptions and specifications.

Methods of Recruitment

1. Selection
                - All businesses need to recruit new workers because the business is growing in size and creates opportunities and ideas for the businesses, or they may create an opportunity for the existing employees.
                - The goals of recruitment’s process are to greatest applicants to select the best people with the right skills to do jobs.
                - Recruitments can take much time and might high cost.
                - If the processes of recruitments are failed, it has to make the whole process again.

2. Internal Recruitments and External Recruitments
- Internal recruitments are looking on existing employees and External recruitments are looking on outside employees to work for the business.

A. Internal Recruitments
                - A business decided to hire the right people with the right skills to do the job by employing someone who already work for the business.
                - The main advantages:
                                - The vacancy can be more quickly and more cheaply
                                - Applicants know how the business works
                                - The business knows the strengths and weakness of applicants
                                - The promotion may create opportunities for the workers to become more motivated

                - The limitation:
                                - Someone from outside might be more better than the existing workers
                                - It could create conflict between the existing workers and someone from the outside
                                - The internal workers does not create any new ideas


B. External Recruitments
                - A business decided to hire the right people from outside to create new opportunities for the applicants and new ideas for the business.
                - The current employees also can apply the job or who anyone who needs.

                The main advantages:
                                - External applicants may create new ideas and improves the progress of businesses
                                - The business has more choices to choose the applicants with different skills and experience
                               
                The limitation:
                                - It takes longer to fill the vacancy
                                - It is more expensive because of advertising costs and the time spent interviewing candidates
                                - External applicants will need training, which increase their costs



3. Main Stages in Recruitment and selection of staff
A. Job Analysis
                - The Human Resource Department with the manager of department identifies the content of a job and include the skill, experience, the main job requirements and other qualities needed to perform

B. Job Description
                - All the details about the job in written documents and usually prepared by the Human Resource Department and the manager of the department.
                - It will be sent to anyone who interested with the job and find the best applicants for the job.
                - A job description needs to include:
                                - Job title
                                - The main duties of job
                                - Responsibility
                                - Accountability

C. Person Specification
-          A list of qualifications, skills, experience and personal qualities in written document and usually produced by the Human Resource Department with the manager of department.
-          Advantages:
·         More control
-          It is useful to help a business understand the type of person they are looking for and help in the selection process.

D. Advertising Job
                - If it is for Internal Recruitment, then the advertisement could be placed on the staff notice board, emailed to all staff, or in a workplace newsletter.
                - If it is for External Recruitment, then the advertisement could be placed in local or national newspapers and magazines.
                - It is an important decision to advertise in national newspaper because it’s much more expensive and waste of money.
                - In some countries the government run the job websites, such as Seek and Jobs DB.
                - The advert must be well enough to attract the right applicants and provide all the information.

E. Sending out application forms and job details
-          Those who interested in job will decided to apply the forms and return it or send curriculum vitae (CV)
-          A CV contains the person’s name, address and other contact details, qualifications, history of employment, skills and experiences, hobbies and interests and references.

F. Receiving Applications and Shortlisting Applicants
-          The Human Resource Department with the manager will look through all the applicants and make a list of the few best applicants.

G. Interviewing Shortlisted Candidates
-          The interview may just be a question and answer session with one or two people interviewing each candidate.

H. Selecting the Right Candidate
-          After selecting the right applicant, the applicant will receive a formal job.

4. Benefits and Limitations of part-time and full-time workers

A.      Part-time workers
Benefits:
-          Part-time work are flexi bility
-          The contract hours of part-time workers may be flexible
-          The part-time workers might be more motivated and productive than full-time workers because they work for few hours, less busy and less tired
-          Two part-time workers often increases the skills and experiences
-          Part-time workers do not need to take off work for medical and dental appointments. If they sick, it will a big problems

Limitations:
-          Increase in installations and training costs
-          Communications problems
-          The quality of service to customers may not be good as full-time job
-          Low salary

B.      Full-time workers
Benefits:
-          The full-time worker have high opportunities and responsibilities
-          They have to feel a sense of ownership in the business
-          It will give them more control over their time and efforts
-          They provide a sense of security that someone could manage things in their absence
-          High salary
-          More professionally

Limitations:
-          High taxes
-          Responsibilities for keeping the job and changing in laws and regulations
-          Health insurance and paid vacation are provided in order to attract and maintain strong employees
-          Communication problems
-          It’s hard to be separated with their family
-          Heavy workload

The Importance of training and methods

A.      Why Workers need training
-          To improve skills, productivity and quality
-          Increase motivation
-          Reduce of costly mistakes and accidents
-          More efficient
-          Improve customer service and relationships
-          Improve business’s competitiveness

B.      Methods of training
               i.      Induction Training: training to help new recruits become more familiar with their workplace. Including background information such as tour of premises and location of facilities such as toilets and canteen, information on policies and procedures.
-          Benefits:
·         Feel comfortable with workplace
·         More efficiently to perform tasks
·         More confident and competence in their working environment
-          Limitations:
·         Increase business costs
·         No output are produced
·         Different skills 
             ii.      On-the-job Training: training at the place of work, completing the tasks has given and watch the experience workers on how they perform the task
-          Benefits:
·         Able to carry out the job
·         Cheap
·         Learn the way the job needs to be done
·         Workers are producing output

-          Limitations:
·         Bad habits
·         No up-to-date methods
·         Makes more mistakes
·         It slows down the production of the experienced workers
            iii.      Off-the-job Training: training at other place away from workplace
-          Benefits:
·         Learn the latest methods and techniques
·         It does not disrupt the production of other workers
·         Increase high level of technical and management skills
-          Disadvantages:
·         Expensive
·         No output are produced during training

Reasons for reducing the size of the workforce
                - Resignation: The worker leaves the previous job because the new job might better for reasons. The reasons might be a promotion, better pay, shorter working hours or new workplace is close to home.

                - Retirement: The worker leaving the previous job because they are getting older.

                - Redundancy: The job that the workers work is no longer available due to the condition of business. The reasons might be to relocate into new place and introducing in new technology.

                -Dismissal: The worker leaves their job because of poor performance and they may break the rules.

                - Reasons for downsizing the workforce:
                                - Fall in demand for product
                                - New and high technology
                                - The business relocates the worker somewhere far away

Legal Controls over employment issues
a.       Contract of employment:
-          It is a legal requirement that workers are given a written contract of employment
-          It is a legally binding agreement between the employer and employee
-          Futures:
·         Name
·         Date of commencement
·         Salary information
·         The number of work hours
·         Job title and main roles
·         Procedures
-          Benefits:
·         Removes misunderstanding
-          Disadvantages:
·         The employer ignore the contract means the worker could take legal action against the employer
·         The worker breaks the rules means the employer could dismiss the worker

b.      Unfair Dismissal:
-          The law will protect workers and ensure that they are treated fairly
-          Benefits:
·         The workers can take legal action if they have been dismissed
·         The workers can take back their job as the courts agreed on legal action
c.       Discrimination:
-          Any workers who feel that they discriminated has the legal right to take employer to court
-          The laws prevent discrimination on the grounds of gender, race, colour, religion, disability, and age
d.      Health and safety:
-          The workers must feel safe around the environment
-          It protect workers from injury or physical discomfort
-          The workers are required to not do anything harm or injured others
-          It increases business costs
e.      Legal minimum wage:
-          It is used to preventing employers from exploiting workers by paying very low wages

-          It increases business costs